The reaction is represented with Lewis dot symbols below. Chloride Salts The sodium atom is donating its 1 valence electron to the chlorine atom. Summary An ionic bond is formed when a metal donates it s valence electron s to a nonmetal.
The resulting ionic compound is more stable and less reactive. References Vollhardt, K. Peter C. Organic Chemistry Structure and Function. New York: W. Freeman, Petrucci, Ralph H.
Ionic bonding in sodium chloride. Ionic bonding in magnesium oxide. Ionic bonding in calcium chloride. In addition to elemental ions, there are polyatomic ions. Polyatomic ions are ions that are made up of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Polyatomic ions can join with other polyatomic ions or elemental ions to form ionic compounds. It is not easy to predict the name or charge of a polyatomic ion by looking at the formula. Polyatomic ions found in seawater are given in Table 2.
Polyatomic ions bond with other ions in the same way that elemental ions bond, with electrostatic forces caused by oppositely charged ions holding the ions together in an ionic compound bond. Charges must still be balanced. For example, in Fig. In Figure 2. P olyatomic ions can bond with monatomic ions or with other polyatomic ions to form compounds. In order to form neutral compounds, the total charges must be balanced.
A molecule or compound is made when two or more atoms form a chemical bond that links them together. As we have seen, there are two types of bonds: ionic bonds and covalent bonds. In an ionic bond, the atoms are bound together by the electrostatic forces in the attraction between ions of opposite charge. Ionic bonds usually occur between metal and nonmetal ions.
For example, sodium Na , a metal, and chloride Cl , a nonmetal, form an ionic bond to make NaCl. In a covalent bond, the atoms bond by sharing electrons. Covalent bonds usually occur between nonmetals. For example, in water H 2 O each hydrogen H and oxygen O share a pair of electrons to make a molecule of two hydrogen atoms single bonded to a single oxygen atom. In general, ionic bonds occur between elements that are far apart on the periodic table.
Covalent bonds occur between elements that are close together on the periodic table. Ionic compounds tend to be brittle in their solid form and have very high melting temperatures. Covalent compounds tend to be soft, and have relatively low melting and boiling points. Water, a liquid composed of covalently bonded molecules, can also be used as a test substance for other ionic and covalently compounds.
Ionic compounds tend to dissolve in water e. Properties of ionic and covalent compounds are listed in Table 2. The properties listed in Table 2. So, sodium atom will donate one electron to chlorine atom and forms a sodium ion i.
On the other side chlorine atomic number is 17 , its electronic configuration is 2,8,7. Therefore, chlorine atom has 7 electrons in the outermost shell and needs one more electron to achieve stable electronic configuration or inert gas configuration. So, a chlorine atom takes one electron from sodium atom and forms a negatively charged chloride ion i. Source: www. Sodium ion has positive charge whereas chloride ions have negative charge.
In sodium chloride compound, the electronic configuration of sodium is 2,8 which resembles with neon inert gas and the electronic configuration of chloride ion is 2,8,8 which resembles with argon inert gas. Due to this, sodium chloride compound is very stable.
Like this calcium chloride, calcium bromide, potassium chloride etc ionic compounds are formed. Thus, sodium chloride is an ionic compound and contains ionic bonds.
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